我们在官网找到二进制安装docker文档Binaries | Docker Docs

先决条件：

• 64位主机 查看命令 uname -p

• Linux >=3.10 查看命令 uname -r

• iptables >=1.4 查看命令 iptables -V

• git >=1.7 查看命令 git version

• xz >=4.9 查看命令 xz -V

• ps可执行文件 查看命令ps -V

• cgroupfs正确挂载 查看cgroupfs挂载

• 启用 SELinux 或 AppArmor

• 启用 seccomp 安全配置文件

• 启用用户命名空间

环境版本

安装docker 二进制文件

1. 转到 https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/，选择您的硬件平台，然后下载与要安装的 Docker Engine 版本相关的 .tgz 文件。

2. 使用tar提取docker和dockerd二进制文件

tar xzvf /path/to/<FILE>.tar.gz

3. 将二进制文件移动到可执行路径上的目录，例如 /usr/bin/。如果跳过此步骤，则必须在调用 docker 或 dockerd 命令时提供可执行文件的路径。

sudo cp docker/* /usr/bin/

4. 启动docker守护程序

sudo dockerd &

如果您需要使用其他选项启动守护进程，请相应地修改上述命令或创建并编辑文件 /etc/docker/daemon.json 以添加自定义配置选项。

5. 要编写docker.service 文件加入Linux服务当中并开启守护进程

# vim /etc/systemd/system/docker.service

[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target docker.socket firewalld.service  time-set.target
Wants=network-online.target 

[Service]
Type=notify
# the default is not to use systemd for cgroups because the delegate issues still
# exists and systemd currently does not support the cgroup feature set required
# for containers run by docker
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd 
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
TimeoutStartSec=0
RestartSec=2
Restart=always

# Note that StartLimit* options were moved from "Service" to "Unit" in systemd 229.
# Both the old, and new location are accepted by systemd 229 and up, so using the old location
# to make them work for either version of systemd.
StartLimitBurst=3

# Note that StartLimitInterval was renamed to StartLimitIntervalSec in systemd 230.
# Both the old, and new name are accepted by systemd 230 and up, so using the old name to make
# this option work for either version of systemd.
StartLimitInterval=60s

# Having non-zero Limit*s causes performance problems due to accounting overhead
# in the kernel. We recommend using cgroups to do container-local accounting.
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity

# Comment TasksMax if your systemd version does not support it.
# Only systemd 226 and above support this option.
# TasksMax=infinity

# Older systemd versions default to a LimitNOFILE of 1024:1024, which is insufficient for many
# applications including dockerd itself and will be inherited. Raise the hard limit, while
# preserving the soft limit for select(2).
#LimitNOFILE=1024:524288
LimitNOFILE=524288

# set delegate yes so that systemd does not reset the cgroups of docker containers
Delegate=yes

# kill only the docker process, not all processes in the cgroup
KillMode=process
OOMScoreAdjust=-500

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

# 添加可执行权限
chmod +x /etc/systemd/system/docker.service
# 配置文件生效，加载daemon-reload
systemctl daemon-reload
# 设置开机自启动
systemctl enable --now docker.service

拓展： 查看docker.service的启动路径

systemctl show -p FragmentPath docker

注意：docker 用户组存在，但不包含任何用户，因此需要使用 sudo 来运行 Docker 命令。继续 Linux 安装后 以允许非特权用户运行 Docker 命令和其他可选配置步骤

安装Docker Compose CLI plugin

插件仓库地址：https://github.com/docker/compose/

mkdir -p /usr/local/lib/docker/cli-plugins
curl -SL https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.36.2/docker-compose-linux-x86_64 -o /usr/local/lib/docker/cli-plugins/docker-compose
chmod +x /usr/local/lib/docker/cli-plugins/docker-compose
docker compose version

安装docker buildx plugin

插件仓库地址：https://github.com/docker/buildx/

mkdir -p /usr/local/lib/docker/cli-plugins
curl -SL https://github.com/docker/buildx/releases/download/v0.24.0/buildx-v0.24.0.linux-amd64 -o /usr/local/lib/docker/cli-plugins/docker-buildx
chmod +x /usr/local/lib/docker/cli-plugins/docker-buildx
docker buildx version
docker buildx ls