香橙派扩容以及剩余分区分配
未分区之前：
root@orangepiwin:~# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
mmcblk0 179:0 0 14.9G 0 disk
|-mmcblk0p1 179:1 0 50M 0 part /boot
`-mmcblk0p2 179:2 0 1.7G 0 part /
root@orangepiwin:~# df -lh
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mmcblk0p2 1.7G 1.3G 235M 86% /
devtmpfs 962M 0 962M 0% /dev
tmpfs 994M 0 994M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 994M 17M 977M 2% /run
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 994M 0 994M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mmcblk0p1 50M 14M 37M 27% /boot
tmpfs 199M 0 199M 0% /run/user/0官方推荐使用使用resize_rootfs.sh 扩容，系统自动分区扩容
root@orangepiwin:~# resize_rootfs.sh
143360
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.27.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 14.9 GiB, 15931539456 bytes, 31116288 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x589d1da2
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/mmcblk0p1 40960 143359 102400 50M c W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/mmcblk0p2 143360 3680255 3536896 1.7G 83 Linux
Command (m for help): Partition number (1,2, default 2):
Partition 2 has been deleted.
Command (m for help): Partition type
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): Partition number (2-4, default 2): First sector (2048-31116287, default 2048): Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (143360-31116287, default 31116287):
Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux' and of size 14.8 GiB.
Command (m for help): The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Re-reading the partition table failed.: Device or resource busy
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8).
resize2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015)
Filesystem at /dev/mmcblk0p2 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 2
The filesystem on /dev/mmcblk0p2 is now 3871616 (4k) blocks long.
Done!
扩容完成后查看扩容状态
root@orangepiwin:~# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
mmcblk0 179:0 0 14.9G 0 disk
|-mmcblk0p1 179:1 0 50M 0 part /boot
`-mmcblk0p2 179:2 0 14.8G 0 part /
root@orangepiwin:~# df -lh
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mmcblk0p2 15G 1.4G 13G 10% /
devtmpfs 962M 0 962M 0% /dev
tmpfs 994M 0 994M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 994M 17M 977M 2% /run
tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock
tmpfs 994M 0 994M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mmcblk0p1 50M 14M 37M 27% /boot
tmpfs 199M 0 199M 0% /run/user/0原有分区扩容
Linux扩容的三种方式：
1.给虚拟机新增一块磁盘，为这块磁盘新建一个分区
2.给虚拟机新增一块磁盘，并把磁盘空间扩容到原有分区
3.直接给 / 分区（或者某一分区）扩容，直接在原有磁盘上增大空间
给/分区扩容(标准分区扩容-非LVM)
查看磁盘信息
列出所有磁盘的大小和磁盘分区的详细信息
root@debian122:~# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda 8:0 0 60G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 49G 0 part /
├─sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 975M 0 part [SWAP]
root@debian122:~# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 60 GiB, 64424509440 bytes, 125829120 sectors
Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x4c8b29b2
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 102856703 102854656 49G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 102858750 104855551 1996802 975M 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 102858752 104855551 1996800 975M 82 Linux swap / Solaris目前sda60G，将多出来的10G空间分配给sda1。
修改交换分区
删除交换分区，因为交换分区位于主分区之后，所以扩容时先删除交换分区
运行fdisk 指定磁盘 /dev/sda
root@debian122:~# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.38.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
This disk is currently in use - repartitioning is probably a bad idea.
It's recommended to umount all file systems, and swapoff all swap
partitions on this disk.注意：fdisk 在保存更改之前，可以始终退出而不产生任何修改
输入P查看分区列表
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 60 GiB, 64424509440 bytes, 125829120 sectors
Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x4c8b29b2
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 102858749 102856702 49G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 102858750 104855551 1996802 975M 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 102858752 104855551 1996800 975M 82 Linux swap / Solaris这里我们要注意磁盘上的扇区总数（125829120）和要交换的扇区数（1996800）。请注意分区/dev/sda2(他是自动创建的)里面没有文件可以删除。
删除交换分区5和逻辑分区2（命令d）
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1,2,5, default 5): 5
Partition 5 has been deleted.
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2
Partition 2 has been deleted.然后执行p查看结果，此时只剩下一个分区
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 60 GiB, 64424509440 bytes, 125829120 sectors
Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x4c8b29b2
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 102858749 102856702 49G 83 Linux新建交换分区
现在，我们在磁盘末尾新建交换分区。使用n创建新分区，如果你的内存足够大可以不启动交换分区，可以跳过此步骤
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): e
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 2为/dev/sda2/选择分区类型，选择逻辑e,指定分区2的序列号。
接下来需要指示第一个扇区，如果我们想要保持交换分区大小不变，那么从磁盘的最后一个扇区(125829119)减去/dev/sda2的大小(1996800),为默认值,得到123832320。指定磁盘的最后一个扇区默认即可。
First sector (102858750-125829119, default 102858752): 123832320
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (123832320-125829119, default 125829119): 125829119
Created a new partition 2 of type 'Extended' and of size 975 MiB.现在我们通过t来更改类型，指定分区2和代码82进行转换分区类型：
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2
Hex code or alias (type L to list all): L
00 Empty 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
01 FAT12 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
02 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden or c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
03 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
04 FAT16 <32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
05 Extended 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
06 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
07 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
08 AIX 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
09 AIX bootable 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
0a OS/2 Boot Manag 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
0b W95 FAT32 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi ea Linux extended
0c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD eb BeOS fs
0e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ee GPT
0f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs f8 EBBR protective
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fb VMware VMFS
18 AST SmartSleep 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fc VMware VMKCORE
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bc Acronis FAT32 L fd Linux raid auto
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot fe LANstep
1e Hidden W95 FAT1 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris ff BBT
24 NEC DOS
Aliases:
linux - 83
swap - 82
extended - 05
uefi - EF
raid - FD
lvm - 8E
linuxex - 85
Hex code or alias (type L to list all): 82
Changed type of partition 'Extended' to 'Linux swap / Solaris'.转换分区类型后看到结果,并保存更改
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 60 GiB, 64424509440 bytes, 125829120 sectors
Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x4c8b29b2
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 102858749 102856702 49G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 123832320 125829119 1996800 975M 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Failed to remove partition 5 from system: Device or resource busy
The kernel still uses the old partitions. The new table will be used at the next reboot.
Syncing disks.在这之后，我们可以创建一个交换分区（指定您的新的交换分区），通过如下命令获取盘符的UUID。
root@debian122:~# mkswap /dev/sda2
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 975 MiB (1022357504 bytes)
no label, UUID=f6b7151a-9f05-4acd-8661-33d5b0cab62f复制上一步获取的UUID，更新/etc/fstab 文件为交换分区设置新的UUID
root@debian122:~# vi /etc/fstab
root@debian122:~# cat /etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# systemd generates mount units based on this file, see systemd.mount(5).
# Please run 'systemctl daemon-reload' after making changes here.
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=a16edb40-fe36-4d2c-b18b-64e1d6437bc1 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation
UUID=f6b7151a-9f05-4acd-8661-33d5b0cab62f none swap sw 0 0
/dev/sr0 /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto 0 0启动交换分区
root@debian122:~# swapon /dev/sda2扩展分区
扩展分区前，如果发现分区挂载为非/分区，需要取消挂载，扩展完成后再重新挂载。
umount /dev/sda1 /mysql
mount /dev/sda1 /mysql进入 fdisk /dev/sda 输入p查看磁盘分配
root@debian122:~# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.38.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
This disk is currently in use - repartitioning is probably a bad idea.
It's recommended to umount all file systems, and swapoff all swap
partitions on this disk.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 60 GiB, 64424509440 bytes, 125829120 sectors
Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x4c8b29b2
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 102858749 102856702 49G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 123832320 125829119 1996800 975M 82 Linux swap / Solaris您可以有其他分区。主要的是在我们想要扩展的分区之后有空闲扇区。为了做到这一点，在上一节中，我们将交换分区移动到磁盘的末尾。我们得到sda1在扇区102856702处结束，下一个分区sda2在123832320处开始，它们之间有空闲扇区。如果磁盘上有一个分区或者是最后一个分区，那么您需要查看分区（102856702）和磁盘（123832320）的最后一个扇区。
要扩展分区，必须首先删除有关它的信息。为此，输入d并指定分区（1 /dev/sda1）
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 1
Partition 1 has been deleted.创建新分区
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1,3,4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-123832319, default 2048):
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-123832319, default 123832319):
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 59 GiB.
Partition #1 contains a ext4 signature.系统会询问是否删除当前文件选择 N 不删除，然后输入 w 保存更改。
# 此处不要选y
Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: n
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Failed to update system information about partition 1: Device or resource busy
The kernel still uses the old partitions. The new table will be used at the next reboot.
Syncing disks.重启系统，此处也可以不操作，有条件建议重启下
调整 ext4 文件系统的大小 sudo resize2fs /dev/sda1
root@debian122:~# resize2fs /dev/sda1
resize2fs 1.47.0 (5-Feb-2023)
Filesystem at /dev/sda1 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 7, new_desc_blocks = 7
The filesystem on /dev/sda1 is now 12857087 (4k) blocks long.
# 更改后
root@debian122:~# resize2fs /dev/sda1
resize2fs 1.47.0 (5-Feb-2023)
Filesystem at /dev/sda1 is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 7, new_desc_blocks = 8
The filesystem on /dev/sda1 is now 15478784 (4k) blocks long.验证磁盘扩展是否成功
root@debian122:~# df -lh
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 795M 1.1M 794M 1% /run
/dev/sda1 58G 27G 29G 48% /
tmpfs 3.9G 1.1M 3.9G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
tmpfs 795M 48K 795M 1% /run/user/107
overlay 58G 27G 29G 48% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/52fd33985eb2f605f154b84fa8c7b53885b6b98d5102314a171c5e5967b94def/merged
overlay 58G 27G 29G 48% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/a4d7ddc1e0fe499696cbfa52850a94e750ad6ba5cca79dbcd328ce51ff3e00aa/merged
tmpfs 795M 40K 795M 1% /run/user/0
root@debian122:~# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda 8:0 0 60G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 59G 0 part /
└─sda2 8:2 0 975M 0 part [SWAP]给/分区扩容(lvm扩容-新建分区扩容)
1、概念介绍（物理卷，卷组，逻辑卷）
扩展之前。需要了解的三个概率：物理卷，卷组，逻辑卷。引入这个概念，可以解除物理隔离的限制。
物理卷：Physical volume 简称 PV
物理卷在逻辑卷管理器中属于最底层的，任何的逻辑卷和卷组都必需依靠物理卷来建立，物理卷可以是一个完整的硬盘，也可以是硬盘中的某一个分区。
卷组 – Volume group 简称 VG
卷组是建立在物理卷之上，一个卷组中可以包含一个或者多个物理卷。
逻辑卷 – Logical volume 简称 LV
逻辑卷类似于非 LVM 系统中的硬盘分区，在逻辑卷之上可以建立文件系统 (比如 /home 或者 /usr 等)。
加上还有其他元素（有兴趣自己深究），一起构成LVM（Logical Volume Manager）逻辑卷管理
总结：多个磁盘/分区/raid–>多个物理卷PV–>合成卷组VG–>从VG划分出逻辑卷LV–>格式化LV，挂载使用
1.1、查看分区
root@debiantestvolume:~# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda 8:0 0 40G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 487M 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 31.5G 0 part
├─debiantestvolume--vg-root 254:0 0 30.5G 0 lvm /
└─debiantestvolume--vg-swap_1 254:1 0 976M 0 lvm [SWAP]
root@debiantestvolume:~# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 40 GiB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Disk model: QEMU HARDDISK
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xd23d2242
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 * 2048 999423 997376 487M 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1001470 67106815 66105346 31.5G 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 1001472 67106815 66105344 31.5G 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/debiantestvolume--vg-root: 30.52 GiB, 32774291456 bytes, 64012288 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/debiantestvolume--vg-swap_1: 976 MiB, 1023410176 bytes, 1998848 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes总硬盘大小40G，sda5大小31.5G，可以有大约8G空间分配给debiantestvolume--vg-root的根分区。
从根分区的lvm的名称可以看出，已经存在卷组vg为debiantestvolume--vg，和逻辑卷lv为root，所以想要扩容，只需要增加卷组的空间，然后分配给逻辑卷即可
1.2、查看卷组和逻辑卷的信息
root@debiantestvolume:~# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda5
VG Name debiantestvolume-vg
PV Size 31.52 GiB / not usable 2.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 8069
Free PE 11
Allocated PE 8058
PV UUID u7qoce-v06O-AKyR-zD1j-UbnP-VOPW-orql2e
root@debiantestvolume:~# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name debiantestvolume-vg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <31.52 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 8069
Alloc PE / Size 8058 / <31.48 GiB
Free PE / Size 11 / 44.00 MiB
VG UUID 7UxWme-lwT9-cwbo-xPMu-1ORD-HUsd-OA5I3e
root@debiantestvolume:~# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/debiantestvolume-vg/root
LV Name root
VG Name debiantestvolume-vg
LV UUID eAILZV-BOjS-GvjS-n31h-gOxp-llMA-fI6cIr
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time debiantestvolume, 2024-11-29 00:44:33 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 30.52 GiB
Current LE 7814
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 254:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/debiantestvolume-vg/swap_1
LV Name swap_1
VG Name debiantestvolume-vg
LV UUID YSvQD3-QoWt-EhEy-r7d6-gi2Z-DdA6-JwqGtp
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time debiantestvolume, 2024-11-29 00:44:33 +0800
LV Status available
# open 2
LV Size 976.00 MiB
Current LE 244
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 254:12、创建分配分区
为了给增加卷组（VG）的空闲可用空间，先创建一个分区，将剩下的分配给分区
root@debiantestvolume:~# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.38.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
This disk is currently in use - repartitioning is probably a bad idea.
It's recommended to umount all file systems, and swapoff all swap
partitions on this disk.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (1 primary, 1 extended, 2 free)
l logical (numbered from 5)
Select (default p):
Using default response p.
Partition number (3,4, default 3):
First sector (67106816-83886079, default 67106816):
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (67106816-83886079, default 83886079):
Created a new partition 3 of type 'Linux' and of size 8 GiB.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Syncing disks.
# 创建主分区sda3
root@debiantestvolume:~# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda 8:0 0 40G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 487M 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part
├─sda3 8:3 0 8G 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 31.5G 0 part
├─debiantestvolume--vg-root 254:0 0 30.5G 0 lvm /
└─debiantestvolume--vg-swap_1 254:1 0 976M 0 lvm [SWAP]3、创建物理卷PV
更新分区表信息
partprobe (debian无需执行此命令)
创建物理卷PV
root@debiantestvolume:~# pvcreate /dev/sda3
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.注意：老的Linux在创建PV时，需要将分区类型改为Linux
LVM（8e）。但新的系统已经非常智能，即使默认的Linux分区（83），也可以创建PV。具体过程是fdisk 过程中，选择参数
l：查看所有分区类型代码，及t：修改分区类型代码，选择代码8e类型即可。
查看物理卷及卷组信息
root@debiantestvolume:~# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda5
VG Name debiantestvolume-vg
PV Size 31.52 GiB / not usable 2.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 8069
Free PE 11
Allocated PE 8058
PV UUID u7qoce-v06O-AKyR-zD1j-UbnP-VOPW-orql2e
"/dev/sda3" is a new physical volume of "8.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name
PV Size 8.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID Ehk8LZ-I9ML-oD1o-SLT8-v2Rl-3mCO-mNQ3Bf4、扩展卷组
扩展前
root@debiantestvolume:~# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name debiantestvolume-vg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <31.52 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 8069
Alloc PE / Size 8058 / <31.48 GiB
Free PE / Size 11 / 44.00 MiB
VG UUID 7UxWme-lwT9-cwbo-xPMu-1ORD-HUsd-OA5I3e执行扩展
root@debiantestvolume:~# vgextend debiantestvolume-vg /dev/sda3
Volume group "debiantestvolume-vg" successfully extended扩展后，添加了8G的空间
root@debiantestvolume:~# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name debiantestvolume-vg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size <39.52 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 10117
Alloc PE / Size 8058 / <31.48 GiB
Free PE / Size 2059 / 8.04 GiB
VG UUID 7UxWme-lwT9-cwbo-xPMu-1ORD-HUsd-OA5I3e5、分配卷组空间给逻辑卷LV
分配前
root@debiantestvolume:~# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/debiantestvolume-vg/root
LV Name root
VG Name debiantestvolume-vg
LV UUID eAILZV-BOjS-GvjS-n31h-gOxp-llMA-fI6cIr
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time debiantestvolume, 2024-11-29 00:44:33 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 30.52 GiB
Current LE 7814
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 254:0执行扩展命令
#分配10G ，-L 指定逻辑卷的大小，单位为“kKmMgGtT”字节
lvextend -L +10G /dev/debiantestvolume-vg/root
#或者100%空闲分配， -l 指定逻辑卷的大小（LE数）
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/debiantestvolume-vg/root
#或者逻辑卷扩展至38G
lvextend -L 38G /dev/debiantestvolume-vg/root扩展后
root@debiantestvolume:~# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/debiantestvolume-vg/root
LV Name root
VG Name debiantestvolume-vg
LV UUID eAILZV-BOjS-GvjS-n31h-gOxp-llMA-fI6cIr
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time debiantestvolume, 2024-11-29 00:44:33 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <38.57 GiB
Current LE 9873
Segments 3
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 254:06、调整文件系统大小
执行之后并不会立马生效需要执行，需要重新计算磁盘大小。这时候只能查看lsblk磁盘已增大，但是df -h里面文件系统没有变化，所以需要操作这一步生效。
resize2fs命令是用来增大或者收缩未加载的“ext2/ext3/ext4”文件系统的大小。
root@debiantestvolume:~# resize2fs /dev/debiantestvolume-vg/root
resize2fs 1.47.0 (5-Feb-2023)
Filesystem at /dev/debiantestvolume-vg/root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 4, new_desc_blocks = 5
The filesystem on /dev/debiantestvolume-vg/root is now 10109952 (4k) blocks long.7、查看磁盘大小
root@debiantestvolume:~# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 960M 0 960M 0% /dev
tmpfs 197M 492K 197M 1% /run
/dev/mapper/debiantestvolume--vg-root 38G 1.7G 35G 5% /
tmpfs 984M 0 984M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
/dev/sda1 455M 108M 323M 25% /boot
tmpfs 197M 0 197M 0% /run/user/0给/分区扩容(lvm扩容-原分区扩容)
1.查看分区
# sda大小60G，sda3+sda5大小为40G
root@debiantestvolume:~# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda 8:0 0 60G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 487M 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part
├─sda3 8:3 0 8G 0 part
│ └─debiantestvolume--vg-root 254:0 0 48.6G 0 lvm /
└─sda5 8:5 0 31.5G 0 part
├─debiantestvolume--vg-root 254:0 0 48.6G 0 lvm /
└─debiantestvolume--vg-swap_1 254:1 0 976M 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 15G 0 disk
└─debiantestvolume--vg-root 254:0 0 48.6G 0 lvm /2、进入磁盘编辑修改原分区
新增磁盘扩容到原分区
1、添加新硬盘sdb
root@debiantestvolume:~# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda 8:0 0 40G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 487M 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part
├─sda3 8:3 0 8G 0 part
│ └─debiantestvolume--vg-root 254:0 0 38.6G 0 lvm /
└─sda5 8:5 0 31.5G 0 part
├─debiantestvolume--vg-root 254:0 0 38.6G 0 lvm /
└─debiantestvolume--vg-swap_1 254:1 0 976M 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 15G 0 disk 2、创建物理卷PV
root@debiantestvolume:~# pvcreate /dev/sdb
Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created.
root@debiantestvolume:~# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda5
VG Name debiantestvolume-vg
PV Size 31.52 GiB / not usable 2.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 8069
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 8069
PV UUID u7qoce-v06O-AKyR-zD1j-UbnP-VOPW-orql2e
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name debiantestvolume-vg
PV Size 8.00 GiB / not usable 0
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 2048
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 2048
PV UUID Ehk8LZ-I9ML-oD1o-SLT8-v2Rl-3mCO-mNQ3Bf
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb
VG Name debiantestvolume-vg
PV Size 15.00 GiB / not usable 4.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 3839
Free PE 3839
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID DbVHKg-qYyb-c4Nn-45b3-Oqcg-Swph-A9CZJx3、添加到卷组VG
root@debiantestvolume:~# vgextend debiantestvolume-vg /dev/sdb
Volume group "debiantestvolume-vg" successfully extended
root@debiantestvolume:~# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name debiantestvolume-vg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 3
Metadata Sequence No 6
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 3
Act PV 3
VG Size <54.52 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 13956
Alloc PE / Size 10117 / <39.52 GiB
Free PE / Size 3839 / <15.00 GiB
VG UUID 7UxWme-lwT9-cwbo-xPMu-1ORD-HUsd-OA5I3e4、分配空间给逻辑卷LV
root@debiantestvolume:~# lvextend -L +10G /dev/debiantestvolume-vg/root
Size of logical volume debiantestvolume-vg/root changed from <38.57 GiB (9873 extents) to <48.57 GiB (12433 extents).
Logical volume debiantestvolume-vg/root successfully resized.
root@debiantestvolume:~# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/debiantestvolume-vg/root
LV Name root
VG Name debiantestvolume-vg
LV UUID eAILZV-BOjS-GvjS-n31h-gOxp-llMA-fI6cIr
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time debiantestvolume, 2024-11-29 00:44:33 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <48.57 GiB
Current LE 12433
Segments 4
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 254:05、重新计算磁盘空间，分配给系统文件
root@debiantestvolume:~# resize2fs /dev/debiantestvolume-vg/root
resize2fs 1.47.0 (5-Feb-2023)
Filesystem at /dev/debiantestvolume-vg/root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 5, new_desc_blocks = 7
The filesystem on /dev/debiantestvolume-vg/root is now 12731392 (4k) blocks long.6、查看磁盘大小
root@debiantestvolume:~# df -lh
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 960M 0 960M 0% /dev
tmpfs 197M 500K 197M 1% /run
/dev/mapper/debiantestvolume--vg-root 48G 1.7G 44G 4% /
tmpfs 984M 0 984M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
/dev/sda1 455M 108M 323M 25% /boot
tmpfs 197M 0 197M 0% /run/user/0
root@debiantestvolume:~# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda 8:0 0 40G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 487M 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 1K 0 part
├─sda3 8:3 0 8G 0 part
│ └─debiantestvolume--vg-root 254:0 0 48.6G 0 lvm /
└─sda5 8:5 0 31.5G 0 part
├─debiantestvolume--vg-root 254:0 0 48.6G 0 lvm /
└─debiantestvolume--vg-swap_1 254:1 0 976M 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 15G 0 disk
└─debiantestvolume--vg-root 254:0 0 48.6G 0 lvm /